I will not go into the history of behavior analysis in education but if you want to have a little overview of it, you can take a look at this article. There are two big areas in education field which are often used and you probably have heard about: Positive behavior support and precision teaching.
Positive Behavior Support (PBS)
PBS is the proactive and evidence-based practices for teaching and supporting appropriate students' behaviors. In that way, we can create a positive school environment which is available to all students (individual level, group level and even at-risk students. This practice give the teacher a better understand about what the function of problem behaviors is and helps them to organize and formalize lesson plans. It encourages positive interaction between teachers and students.
We have discussed 2 techniques: positive reinforcement and extinction in previous section. How can we implement these in a classroom setting? Let's look at an example. We all are probably very familiar with students' disrupting and talking-out behaviors in classroom. By using PBS, the teachers focus on appropriate behavior like being attentive to adults and following instructions. Students get teacher's attention and receive praises (positive reinforcement technique) when they behave appropriately. Besides, the teacher put inappropriate talking-out behavior into extinction by ignoring them. For further information, you can read a study about this.
We have discussed 2 techniques: positive reinforcement and extinction in previous section. How can we implement these in a classroom setting? Let's look at an example. We all are probably very familiar with students' disrupting and talking-out behaviors in classroom. By using PBS, the teachers focus on appropriate behavior like being attentive to adults and following instructions. Students get teacher's attention and receive praises (positive reinforcement technique) when they behave appropriately. Besides, the teacher put inappropriate talking-out behavior into extinction by ignoring them. For further information, you can read a study about this.
Precision Teaching
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Standard Celeration Chart Sample
Precision teaching was first founded by Ogden Lindsley. According to Lindsley, teachers and students make changes in instructions base on the self-monitored performance frequencies displayed on standard acceleration chart to help the students improve their learning. This method is least costly and most effective way to increase students' learning skill.
But why do we need to use precision teaching?
But why do we need to use precision teaching?
- This method emphasize the fluency of students' skills.
- When the students become more fluently in those skills, they will more likely to use those skills in the future and across settings. (maintenance and generalization)
- It strengthens students' ability to retain information.
- It also strengthens students' endurance to perform that skill over time.
- The students can use what they learn from this skill and bring it into a more difficult and complicated behavior.
- The use of frequency, which is focused on counts per minute instead of percent correct, and standard celeration chart allow teachers see their students' acquisition rates and assess their performance quickly.
If you want more information and to see how it works, you can take a look at this video clip. It clearly demonstrates how it should be used.